OC submits comments on rat eradication

The Ornithological Council has submitted comments to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, in response to their announcement that they intend to prepare an environmental impact statement for a proposed project to eradicate nonnative rats from four uninhabited islands (Amchitka, Attu, Great Sitkin, and Kiska Islands) located in the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge.

Many islands within the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge have had accidental and intentional introductions of nonendemic mammals (e.g., Arctic and red fox, ground squirrel, Norway rat, house mouse, caribou, reindeer, cattle, and Arctic and European hare). On many islands with established populations of introduced rats, the diversity and numbers of breeding birds are conspicuously low. The Refuge’s islands are important breeding habitat for seabirds. In 2008, the Refuge and partner organizations successfully eradicated Norway rats from Hawadax Island (formally called Rat Island). However, non-target mortality was higher than expected; in 2009, approximately 422 bird carcasses were discovered found on the island. In light of this, the USFWS and its partners commissioned The Ornithological Council to perform an external review of the project to determine if and how the project planning and or implementation were related to the non-target mortality, with a goal of future projects using this information to reduce the risk of non-target mortality.

The comments submitted this week to USFWS were based on the recommendations made that report.

Read the OC’s comment letter.

Read the OC’s 2010 report on the Rat Island project.

Import Guide updated

In response to a new form developed by the CDC for certifying that imports are noninfectious, the OC has updated its Import Guide.

Click to access ImportGuide_September-2024.pdf

From CDC:

September 23, 2024

Importer Certification Statement Form Now Available

The CDC Import Permit Program (IPP) regulations provide that any noninfectious biological agent or biological substance that is being imported into the U.S. must be accompanied by an importer certification statement confirming that the material is not known to contain or suspected of containing an infectious biological agent or has been rendered noninfectious. See 42 CFR 71.54.

To assist with this process, CDC IPP developed a new form, CDC IPP Importer Certification Statement, which is now posted to its website and can be found here.

OC releases HPAI fact sheet

The Ornithological Council has developed and released a new fact sheet on highly pathogenic avian influenza. The new fact sheet provides background on avian influenza and its effect on birds, precautions that ornithologists should take in the field, and information regarding reporting of possible infections and testing of dead birds.

As of mid-2024, the virus has been detected in wild birds everywhere except for Oceania. Since the first detection of current clade of HPAI H5N1 in the U.S., there have been documented effects on 171 species of wild and captive birds in 16 orders. The newest strain affects wild birds differently than previous strains, causing illness and death in a higher number of bird species, rapidly spreading within wild bird populations across a larger geographic region, and resulting in higher mortality rates in wild birds.

Read and download the fact sheet here.

July/August NewsBRIEF

The Ornithological Council is pleased to provide this bimonthly report covering activities in July and August 2024. Over the last two months, Ornithological Council staff:

1. Met with the Chief of the USGS Bird Banding Lab, in a quarterly meeting to discuss issues of mutual interest.

2. Met with USFWS Migratory Birds Program Headquarters Liaison to Regional Migratory Bird Permit Offices, to discuss current permitting issues.

3. Continued work on a template field study policy for IACUCs to adopt. In response to many inquiries about compliance with the Annual Welfare Act, especially regarding field work, in light of the new regulations regarding birds, the OC is developing a sample policy regarding field studies under the AWA that institutions can use to develop and enact their own policies.

4. Continued work on the 4th edition of the Guidelines to the Use of Wild Birds in Research in Spanish.  Last year, we published the 4th edition of the Guidelines in English, which consisted of text from the 3rd edition along with new reference lists for each chapter. In addition, old links throughout the document were updated. We are now making those updates to the Spanish version of the 3rd edition and will release the new version in the coming months.

5. Continued to seek sponsors for the Ornithology Exchange. The new OE sponsorship program  offers tiered benefits to sponsors in return for annual support of the site. The OC took over management of the Ornithology Exchange last year, and it requires about $1000 a year, as well as an investment of staff time, to manage the site. Learn more about the sponsorship program here.

6. Developed a new Fact Sheet on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza, which will be posted on www.birdnet.org soon.

7. Provided direct individual assistance to ornithologists who belong to OC societies regarding animal welfare issues and how to obtain the permits necessary to complete their research. During July and August, we assisted five individuals with permit issues.

8. Posted articles and updates on the Ornithology Exchange regarding:

Supreme Court curtails deference to federal agencies

Mount Rainier White-tailed Ptarmigan listed as threatened

“Sustaining America’s Fisheries for the Future Act of 2024” introduced

Canada releases 2030 Nature Strategy

All these updates, and more, are always available on the ‘News From the OC’ forum on Ornithological Exchange.

OC submits comments on CDC import requirements

The Ornithological Council submitted comments to the Centers for Disease Control, regarding the agency’s requirements for import permits. The CDC currently requires that an import permit be secured for birds carcasses or specimens, if the specimen or sample to be imported is known or reasonably expected to contain an infectious biological agent. If a permit is not secured, the agency is proposing a new Importer Certification Statement, which will require the importer to attest that they are importing only noninfectious biological agent(s) or biological substance(s). 

The OC explained that, since virtually all animals can harbor one or more pathogens capable of causing human illness and infected animals may be asymptomatic, it is extremely difficult for a field biologist to determine the presence or absence of all potential zoonotic pathogens. This is made even more difficult by the fact that the  CDC has not provided a list of pathogens of interest. Thus, even if the scientist were able to have the blood or tissues analyzed prior to import, there could be microbes present for which the potential to cause human disease is unknown. Without knowing which infectious biological agents the CDC is monitoring and which might be contained in an importer’s sample it is impossible know if a permit is required. 

Furthermore, the proposed certification statement would require a detailed description of how the material was rendered noninfectious. To enable compliance with this, we ask the CDC to provide a list of acceptable treatment methods. It is easy to certify that the animal or animal product has been rendered noninfectious if the importer knows what methods are considered by the CDC to be effective. The importer should not have to guess at the methods the CDC (or agents at U.S. ports of entry) will accept, only to arrive at the port and determine that they have guessed incorrectly. 

Finally, the OC also notes that the CDC import permit itself is duplicative. Imports of ornithological samples and specimens are already subject to review and permitting by the USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Requiring an additional permit from the CDC for the same materials does nothing to further protect our country from potentially harmful imports and it unnecessarily increases the burden on importers.

Read the OC’s letter to the CDC here.  The OC will continue to encourage federal agencies to develop permit requirements and policies that are evidence-based and practical, so that the ornithological community can do the work it needs to do!